Environment-friendly Future: 3 great steps taken towards it

 3 massive steps taken towards Environment-Friendly Future

We all are finding ways towards e future which will be friendly to Nature and Environment. Scientists have also devoted themselves for the research of making the future environmentally friendly.

What does it mean by Environmentally friendly or Eco-friendly?

• Activities by human to support human civilisation. 
• Cause negligible harm to nature. 
• Don't restrain elements of nature to work properly. 

Humans are not so unaware of the devastating increase of pollution in modern age. Many steps are already taken to protect our Mother Nature from being corrupted. In this page we'll talk about Three major steps proposed by Scientists and Researchers which are already in practice.

1. Bio-fuel: 

Bio-fuel means, fuel that is produced from bio-mass. It generally denotes liquid or gaseous fuels, used in vehicles or for transportation. 

Types of Bio-fuel:

Bio-fuel is of two types (according to state in normal temperature): 

1. Gaseous Bio-fuel
• Bio-methane
• Syn-gas
2. Liquid Bio-fuel
• Bio-ethanol
• Bio-diesel

1. Gaseous Bio-fuel: 

Bio-methane: 

It is produced from the decomposition of organic waste. It is done in anaerobic environment, where Oxygen isn't present. Contents of Bio-gas is mainly methane & CO2. 

What is the content of methane in Bio-methane? 

Ans. 50-75%. Most of the rest gas content is CO2. Other gases in Bio-methane are H2O(g), O2, N2, H2S. Raw biogas can be free of H2O and H2S. In rural areas people use cow dung manures to produce bio-gas and use it even for producing electricity. 

Syn gas:

Syn gas is also called Synthetic gas. It is a fuel gas mixture. 

What is Syngas made of? 

Ans. It is primarily made of Hydrogen, CO & a little amount of CO2. 

2. Liquid biofuel: 

Bio-ethanol:

Bio-ethanol is used as fuel in road transport vehicles as petrol substitutes.

It is produced from:-

1. From surgery & starchy crops.

2. From Cellulosic crops & other biomass. 

Bio-diesel:

Bio-diesel is a renewable biodegradable fuel manufactured domestically from plant parts or animal fats.

Difference between biodiesel & diesel:

1. Bio-diesel contains no sulphur, whereas petroleum diesel contains sulphur compound. This is why Bio-diesel causes much less pollution if used as vehicle fuel as it doesn't convert to SO2, Sulphur di-oxide after oxydation. 

2. Bio-diesel has a higher Oxygen content (10-12%) which causes less pollution but may result in reduced peak engine power by near 4%. 

2. Plastic Roads: 

Plastic roads are made of thhe mixture of plastic or composites of plastic and essential road making components. Plastic road was first researched and developed by Rajagopalan Vasudevan, an Indian Scientist in 2001.

Advantages:

Road becomes hydrophobic at some eextent. So erosion due to water becomes lower. Road life also increases by at least 1 year. In India, Chennai, Pune, Mumbai, Surat, Delhi have already implemented the technology. Also countries like UK, Pakistan etc. 

3. Biodegradable plastics: 

Biodegradable plastics when wasted, get converted into water and carbon-di-oxide molecules and biomass by the action of microorganisms like fungus, bacteria. 

What are the types of biodegradable plastics?

Ans. 1. Oxo-biodegradable 2. Hydro-biodegradable. 

Oxo-biodegradable (OBP):

Composition:

Made by blending a pro-degradant additive into the plastic. This additives cause degradation of the polymerised structure of the plastic when exposed to heat or sunlight. 

Hydro-biodegradable (HBP):

Composition: 

The biodegradable material to which hydro-biodegradable plastic is made of, are:

1. Polylactide (PLA) 15-20% 
2. Thermoplastics starch and it's derivatives 40%
3. Cellulose & it's derivative 15%
4. Extruded starch 20% 
5. Polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHA) & their copolyesters (PHP) 5-10%

This degrade & Biodegrade more quickly than OBP.

So, these were the 3 major steps towards a eco-friendly future. 

Cheers ✌

The sources from which I took help:

• Wikipedia 
• Omnexus
• ScienceDirect